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很多人误以为正念(Mindfulness)就是什么都不想,把大脑放空,或者是一种逃避现实的手段。其实,正念恰恰相反。

什么是正念?

正念减压疗法(MBSR)创始人乔·卡巴金(Jon Kabat-Zinn)将正念定义为:"有意识地、不加评判地觉察当下。"

为什么我们需要正念?

现代人的大脑常常处于"自动导航"模式——一边吃饭一边看手机,一边走路一边想工作。这种状态下,我们很容易被焦虑和压力裹挟,却浑然不觉。

大量科学研究表明,规律练习正念可以帮助我们:

正念源于何处?

正念的根源来自佛教冥想传统,已有2500多年的历史。20世纪70年代末,麻省理工学院分子生物学博士乔·卡巴金将其从宗教背景中提炼出来,创立了世俗化的"正念减压疗法(MBSR)",使之成为被主流医学和心理学广泛接受的疗愈方法。

今天,正念已经被整合进认知行为疗法(CBT)、辩证行为疗法(DBT)等多种现代心理治疗方法中,并在全球数百所医院和诊所中应用于压力、抑郁、慢性疼痛等问题的干预。

如何开始你的第一次正念练习?

你不需要专门的坐垫或大块的时间。试着从"一次呼吸"开始:

当你感到烦躁时,停下来,深吸一口气,感受空气充满胸腔;然后缓慢呼出,感受身体的放松。就在这一呼一吸之间,你已经完成了一次正念练习。

不要期待第一次就感到平静。正念不是结果,是一种练习的过程。每一次发现自己分心、然后温柔地把注意力带回来,都是一次成功的训练。

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